Types of Malware :-
1. Virus :-
Virus एक प्रकार का malware है जो सामान्यतः किसी file या program के साथ attach होकर फैलता है। जब infected file/program को run किया जाता है, तो virus activate हो सकता है और दूसरी files को भी infect कर सकता है।
मुख्य विशेषताएँ
Example
यदि किसी computer में एक infected executable file है और user उसे run करता है, तो virus दूसरी files को infect कर सकता है।
Exam Point
Virus generally requires a host file or program to spread.
2. Worm
Worm ऐसा malware है जो स्वयं की copies (replicate) बनाकर network या दूसरे systems में फैल सकता है। इसे फैलने के लिए सामान्यतः किसी दूसरी host file के साथ attach होने की आवश्यकता नहीं होती।
मुख्य विशेषताएँ
Example
यदि network में एक vulnerable computer worm से infected हो जाता है, तो worm network के अन्य vulnerable computers में स्वयं फैल सकता है।
Exam Point
Worm is self-replicating malware that can spread through networks.
3. Trojan Horse
Trojan Horse ऐसा malware है जो किसी legitimate या useful software जैसा दिखाई देता है, लेकिन वास्तव में malicious activity कर सकता है।
मुख्य विशेषताएँ
Example
कोई fake utility या application useful software जैसा दिखाई दे, लेकिन install करने के बाद malicious activity करे।
Exam Point
Trojan disguises itself as legitimate software.
4. Ransomware
Ransomware ऐसा malware है जो files या system को inaccessible बनाने के लिए उन्हें lock या encrypt कर सकता है और attacker data/system को वापस access देने के बदले ransom की मांग कर सकता है।
मुख्य विशेषताएँ
Example
एक ransomware attack में user's important documents encrypt हो सकते हैं और user उन्हें normally open नहीं कर पाता।
Exam Point
Ransomware can lock or encrypt data and demand ransom.
5. Spyware
Spyware ऐसा malware है जो user की activities या information को secretly monitor और collect कर सकता है।
मुख्य विशेषताएँ
Example
Spyware user की browsing activity या अन्य information को secretly monitor कर सकता है।
Exam Point
Spyware secretly monitors and collects user information.
6. Adware
Adware ऐसा unwanted software है जो user के device पर unwanted advertisements display कर सकता है।
मुख्य विशेषताएँ
Example
किसी software को install करने के बाद browser में बार-बार unwanted advertisement pop-ups दिखाई देना।
Exam Point
Adware mainly displays unwanted advertisements.
7. Keylogger
Keylogger ऐसा malicious software या tool है जो keyboard पर press की जाने वाली keystrokes को record कर सकता है।
मुख्य विशेषताएँ
Example
यदि user keyboard से कोई information type करता है और malicious keylogger उसे secretly record कर रहा है, तो वह information attacker तक पहुँच सकती है।
Exam Point
Keylogger records keyboard keystrokes.
8. Rootkit
Rootkit malicious software/tools का एक प्रकार है जो system में privileged access बनाए रखने और अपनी presence को छिपाने (stealth) का प्रयास कर सकता है।
मुख्य विशेषताएँ
Exam Point
Rootkit focuses on privileged access and stealth.
9. Botnet
Botnet compromised या infected devices का ऐसा network/group है जिसे attacker remotely control कर सकता है।
Botnet = Bot + Network
मुख्य विशेषताएँ
Example
कई infected computers attacker के control में आकर एक साथ malicious activity perform करें, तो उनका समूह botnet कहलाता है।
In English
Types of Malware :- 1. Virus
A Virus is a type of malware that generally spreads by attaching itself to a file or program. When the infected file/program is run, the virus may become active and infect other files.
Main Features
Example
If an infected executable file is present on a computer and the user runs it, the virus may infect other files.
Exam Point
Virus generally requires a host file or program to spread.
2. Worm
A Worm is a type of malware that can create its own copies (replicate) and spread through a network or to other systems. Generally, it does not need to attach itself to another host file to spread.
Main Features
Example
If a vulnerable computer on a network becomes infected with a worm, the worm can spread itself to other vulnerable computers on the network.
Exam Point
Worm is self-replicating malware that can spread through networks.
3. Trojan Horse
A Trojan Horse is a type of malware that appears like legitimate or useful software, but can actually perform malicious activities.
Main Features
Example
A fake utility or application may appear to be useful software, but after installation it may perform malicious activities.
Exam Point
Trojan disguises itself as legitimate software.
4. Ransomware
Ransomware is a type of malware that can lock or encrypt files or a system to make them inaccessible, and the attacker may demand a ransom in exchange for restoring access to the data or system.
Main Features
Example
In a ransomware attack, a user's important documents may be encrypted, and the user may not be able to open them normally.
Exam Point
Ransomware can lock or encrypt data and demand ransom.
5. Spyware
Spyware is a type of malware that can secretly monitor and collect a user's activities or information.
Main Features
Example
Spyware can secretly monitor a user's browsing activity or other information.
Exam Point
Spyware secretly monitors and collects user information.
6. Adware
Adware is unwanted software that can display unwanted advertisements on a user's device.
Main Features
Example
After installing some software, unwanted advertisement pop-ups may repeatedly appear in the browser.
Exam Point
Adware mainly displays unwanted advertisements.
7. Keylogger
A Keylogger is malicious software or a tool that can record keystrokes pressed on a keyboard.
Main Features
Example
If a user types some information using a keyboard and a malicious keylogger is secretly recording it, that information may reach the attacker.
Exam Point
Keylogger records keyboard keystrokes.
8. Rootkit
A Rootkit is a type of malicious software/tools that may attempt to maintain privileged access to a system and hide its presence through stealth.
Main Features
Exam Point
Rootkit focuses on privileged access and stealth.
9. Botnet
A Botnet is a network/group of compromised or infected devices that can be remotely controlled by an attacker.
Botnet = Bot + Network
Main Features
Example
If several infected computers come under the attacker's control and perform malicious activities together, the group of those computers is called a Botnet.