Generations of Computer (कंप्यूटर की पीढ़ियाँ) :-
कंप्यूटर के विकास में उपयोग की गई Technology (तकनीक) के आधार पर कंप्यूटरों को विभिन्न Generations (पीढ़ियों) में बाँटा गया है। प्रत्येक नई Generation में नई Technology का उपयोग हुआ, जिससे कंप्यूटर छोटे, तेज, अधिक Reliable (विश्वसनीय) और Efficient (कार्यकुशल) बने।
English:
Generation of Computers refers to the classification of computers based on the technology used in their development. Each new generation made computers smaller, faster, and more efficient.
Generation of Computers refers to the classification of computers based on the technology used in their development. Each new generation made computers smaller, faster, and more efficient.
First Generation (1940–1956)
- Technology (तकनीक): Vacuum Tubes (वैक्यूम ट्यूब)
- Technology Developer (तकनीक के विकासकर्ता): John Ambrose Fleming
- OS Used (ऑपरेटिंग सिस्टम): No Operating System
- Language Used (भाषा): Machine Language
- Example (उदाहरण): ENIAC, UNIVAC I
Second Generation (1956–1963)
- Technology (तकनीक): Transistors (ट्रांजिस्टर)
- Technology Developer (तकनीक के विकासकर्ता): John Bardeen, Walter Brattain, William Shockley
- OS Used (ऑपरेटिंग सिस्टम): Batch Operating System
- Language Used (भाषा): Assembly Language, FORTRAN, COBOL
- Example (उदाहरण): IBM 1401, IBM 7094
Third Generation (1964–1971)
- Technology (तकनीक): Integrated Circuit (IC) (इंटीग्रेटेड सर्किट)
- Technology Developer (तकनीक के विकासकर्ता): Jack Kilby, Robert Noyce
- OS Used (ऑपरेटिंग सिस्टम): Multiprogramming Operating System
- Language Used (भाषा): BASIC, FORTRAN, COBOL
- Example (उदाहरण): IBM System/360, PDP-8
Fourth Generation (1971–1980)
- Technology (तकनीक): Microprocessor using VLSI (Very Large Scale Integration) Technology
- Technology Developer (तकनीक के विकासकर्ता): Ted Hoff
- OS Used (ऑपरेटिंग सिस्टम): DOS, Unix
- Language Used (भाषा): C, C++, Pascal
- Example (उदाहरण): IBM PC, Apple II
Fifth Generation (1980–Present)
- Technology (तकनीक): Artificial Intelligence (AI) using ULSI (Ultra Large Scale Integration) Technology and Parallel Processing
- Technology Developer (तकनीक के विकासकर्ता): AI Researchers and Scientists
- OS Used (ऑपरेटिंग सिस्टम): Windows, Linux, AI-Based Operating Systems
- Language Used (भाषा): Python, Prolog, LISP
- Example (उदाहरण): AI Systems, Robotics, Quantum Computers